Al-Khwarizmi
Also: Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, Algoritmi
A ninth-century mathematician at Abbasid Baghdad whose algebra treatise helped establish algebra as a discipline and whose Latinized name gave English the word algorithm. His exact birthplace is unknown.
Al-Khwarizmi worked under Abbasid patronage in Baghdad and wrote on arithmetic, astronomy, geography, and algebra. The title of his work on al-jabr gave the discipline its English name, while the Latin form of his name lies behind algorithm.
The safe historical claim is narrower than many short biographies make. His name indicates an association with Khwarazm, but it does not prove that he was born there. The surviving reports allow more than one reading, and his exact birthplace is not known.
His algebra was rhetorical and symbol-free. Its importance lies in organizing equation types and teaching procedures systematically, not in creating every underlying technique from nothing.